{"id":28344,"date":"2025-07-04T18:37:45","date_gmt":"2025-07-04T17:37:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/?p=28344"},"modified":"2025-07-17T18:39:28","modified_gmt":"2025-07-17T17:39:28","slug":"lhomme-de-fer-de-andrzej-wajda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/2025\/07\/04\/lhomme-de-fer-de-andrzej-wajda\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;Homme de fer de Andrzej Wajda"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Palme d&rsquo;or au Festival de Cannes en 1981, <em>L&rsquo;Homme de fer<\/em> (<em>Cz\u0142owiek z \u017belaza<\/em>) est un grand film de Wajda et renouvelle l&rsquo;exploit de <em>L&rsquo;Homme de marbre<\/em>, dont il est la suite directe : raconter une page de l&rsquo;histoire contemporaine de la Pologne, mise en perspective avec les luttes syndicales de 1970, r\u00e9prim\u00e9es dans le sang. Le film a \u00e9t\u00e9 <\/strong><strong>con\u00e7u dans l&rsquo;urgence, \u00e0 la demande des ouvriers en gr\u00e8ve du chantier naval de Gda\u0144sk, auquel Wajda \u00e9tait venu rendre visite. <\/strong><strong>Film-enqu\u00eate d\u00e9bordant d\u2019\u00e9nergie, brassant pass\u00e9 en pr\u00e9sent, r\u00e9cit collectif et drames personnels, <em>L&rsquo;Homme de fer<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00ab tourn\u00e9 \u00e0 chaud \u00bb, au moment o\u00f9 le syndicat Solidarno\u015b\u0107 (\u00ab\u00a0Solidarit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb), fond\u00e9 par Lech Walesa, se battait pour sa reconnaissance officielle et r\u00e9clamait des libert\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques. <\/strong><strong>Le cin\u00e9aste r\u00e9utilise certains proc\u00e9d\u00e9s narratifs et esth\u00e9tiques de <em>L\u2019Homme de marbre<\/em>, mais cette fois-ci le journaliste de la radio-t\u00e9l\u00e9vision nationale en charge des investigations sur les gr\u00e9vistes est commissionn\u00e9 par le gouvernement communiste, et bient\u00f4t en proie \u00e0 un dilemme moral. Le film se r\u00e9v\u00e8le un cas assez exceptionnel d&rsquo;\u0153uvre historique au pr\u00e9sent, o\u00f9 le cin\u00e9aste se fait le m\u00e9morialiste d&rsquo;une actualit\u00e9 br\u00fblante inscrite dans l&rsquo;histoire ouvri\u00e8re et syndicaliste de la Pologne. <\/strong><strong>Le film m\u00eale \u00e9l\u00e9ments de fiction et r\u00e9f\u00e9rences explicites \u00e0 l\u2019actualit\u00e9 polonaise, \u00e9tay\u00e9es par des documents authentiques, issus de reportages, notamment de journaux t\u00e9l\u00e9vis\u00e9s. Lech Walesa appara\u00eet par ailleurs au cours d\u2019images d\u2019archives, mais aussi dans son propre r\u00f4le \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de passages fictionnels. <\/strong><strong>On retrouve les personnages principaux du premier film, Jerzy Radziwi\u0142owicz (dans un double r\u00f4le de p\u00e8re\/fils) et Krystyna Janda avec une apparition diff\u00e9r\u00e9e (Agnieszka croupit en prison, sa carri\u00e8re \u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision a \u00e9t\u00e9 bris\u00e9e). <\/strong><strong>Ce film important avait un peu disparu des radars de la cin\u00e9philie. On peut remercier Intersections de le remettre en lumi\u00e8re, dans une \u00e9dition Blu-ray parfaite avec des suppl\u00e9ments (\u00e9crits et film\u00e9s) de qualit\u00e9. Comme pour <em>L\u2019Homme de marbre<\/em>, <\/strong><strong>Joel Chapron revient sur le contexte de production et de tournage du film de Wajda, ses d\u00e9boires avec la censure d&rsquo;\u00e9tat et son sauvetage par le Festival de Cannes gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une s\u00e9lection surprise (et secr\u00e8te) et l\u2019obtention de la Palme d&rsquo;or, lui assurant une reconnaissance internationale, sept mois avant l&rsquo;instauration de l&rsquo;\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge en Pologne qui va contraindre Wajda \u00e0 quelques ann\u00e9es d\u2019exil en France et en Allemagne o\u00f9 il continuera \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser des films.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-28345\" src=\"https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/files\/3760147493505_vid_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/files\/3760147493505_vid_2.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/files\/3760147493505_vid_2-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/files\/3760147493505_vid_2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/files\/3760147493505_vid_2-580x580.jpg 580w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Palme d&rsquo;or au Festival de Cannes en 1981, L&rsquo;Homme de fer (Cz\u0142owiek z \u017belaza) est un grand film de Wajda\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":116,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[9],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.8 - 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