{"id":24106,"date":"2019-12-03T19:54:32","date_gmt":"2019-12-03T18:54:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/?p=24106"},"modified":"2020-04-03T17:45:52","modified_gmt":"2020-04-03T16:45:52","slug":"trois-femmes-de-robert-altman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/2019\/12\/03\/trois-femmes-de-robert-altman\/","title":{"rendered":"Trois Femmes de Robert Altman"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Dans les ann\u00e9es 70, Robert Altman encha\u00eene les tournages et signe quelques-uns des films am\u00e9ricains les plus importants de la d\u00e9cennie, sans pour autant occuper les cimes du box-office. La vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de son champ cr\u00e9atif impressionne. Adepte d\u2019un cin\u00e9ma naturaliste, sarcastique et viril, il est \u00e9galement l\u2019auteur de films oniriques et purement mentaux comme le thriller fantastique\u00a0<em>Images\u00a0<\/em>(1972) ou\u00a0<em>Trois Femmes\u00a0<\/em>(<em>3 Women<\/em>, 1977), qui plongent dans la psych\u00e9 de personnages f\u00e9minins fragiles et tourment\u00e9s. Ce titre, en particulier, constitue sans doute ce que le cin\u00e9aste a produit de plus exp\u00e9rimental, aux confins de l\u2019abstraction. Altman est son propre producteur et il est capable de mettre en chantier le film tr\u00e8s rapidement, entour\u00e9 d\u2019une \u00e9quipe fid\u00e8le, avec un budget modeste. Contrairement \u00e0 une certaine doxa dans le cin\u00e9ma am\u00e9ricain, le cin\u00e9aste d\u00e9bute le tournage sans sc\u00e9nario pr\u00e9\u00e9tabli et s\u2019appuie sur un simple canevas pour les prises de vues. Altman avouera au moment de la pr\u00e9sentation de Trois Femmes au Festival de Cannes que le film est n\u00e9 d\u2019un r\u00eave. Il a r\u00eav\u00e9 \u00e0 deux actrices qu\u2019il connait pour les avoir vues travailler ou dirig\u00e9, Sissy Spacek et Shelley Duvall, dans des situations analogues \u00e0 celles qu\u2019on retrouvera dans le film, b\u00e2ti sur leurs personnalit\u00e9s et leurs physiques antagonistes. Elles interpr\u00e8tent respectivement une petite texane rouquine et introvertie et une brune filiforme et sophistiqu\u00e9e, toutes deux employ\u00e9es dans un centre thermal de r\u00e9adaptation physique pour personnes du troisi\u00e8me \u00e2ge, au fin fond du d\u00e9sert californien. Bient\u00f4t une relation \u00e9trange s\u2019engage entre les deux femmes, tandis qu\u2019une troisi\u00e8me, enceinte et silencieuse, dessine des fresques g\u00e9antes aux motifs inqui\u00e9tants. A l\u2019\u00e9poque, Federico Fellini et Ingmar Bergman sont \u00e0 la fois des cin\u00e9astes admir\u00e9s et des sources d\u2019inspiration. Peintre de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique d\u00e9boussol\u00e9e des grandes m\u00e9tropoles comme des communaut\u00e9s rurales, Altman n\u2019est pas insensible aux avanc\u00e9es modernistes du cin\u00e9ma europ\u00e9en. Il est ais\u00e9 de comparer son film avec <em>Persona<\/em>, dont il emprunte plusieurs motifs. Le d\u00e9doublement, le transfert, la fusion et l\u2019inversion structurent <em>Trois Femmes<\/em>. Altman prend bien soin de ne livrer aucune cl\u00e9 narrative ou psychanalytique au spectateur, plong\u00e9 dans une ambiance amniotique o\u00f9 tout sugg\u00e8re l\u2019invention d\u2019un gyn\u00e9c\u00e9e utopique et subversif. Le cin\u00e9ma d\u2019auteur am\u00e9ricain n\u2019a donc pas attendu <em>Mulholland Dr.<\/em> pour s\u2019approprier le chef-d\u2019\u0153uvre de Bergman. La veine \u00e9sot\u00e9rique d\u2019Altman peut para\u00eetre moins f\u00e9conde et aboutie que sa veine satirique ou chorale, plus marginale au sein d\u2019une filmographie pl\u00e9thorique, mais elle a quand m\u00eame accouch\u00e9, c\u2019est le cas de le dire, d\u2019un titre absolument fascinant. Dans ce film-aquarium \u00e0 la lenteur hypnotique, encercl\u00e9 par une chaleur de fournaise, Sissy Spacek et Shelley Duvall rayonnent.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Trois Femmes<\/em> est disponible dans une \u00e9dition Collector Combo Blu-ray DVD chez Wild Side.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dans les ann\u00e9es 70, Robert Altman encha\u00eene les tournages et signe quelques-uns des films am\u00e9ricains les plus importants de la\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":116,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[9],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Trois Femmes de Robert Altman - Olivier P\u00e8re<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/2019\/12\/03\/trois-femmes-de-robert-altman\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Trois Femmes de Robert Altman - 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