{"id":23221,"date":"2019-03-04T09:40:32","date_gmt":"2019-03-04T08:40:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/?p=23221"},"modified":"2020-04-06T13:06:47","modified_gmt":"2020-04-06T12:06:47","slug":"23221","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/2019\/03\/04\/23221\/","title":{"rendered":"Les Hommes contre de Francesco Rosi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>Les Hommes contre<\/em><\/strong><strong> (<em>Uomini contro<\/em>, 1970) est un tr\u00e8s grand film, l\u2019un des chefs-d\u2019\u0153uvre de Francesco Rosi (avec <em>Salvatore Giuliano<\/em> et <em>Le Moment de v\u00e9rit\u00e9<\/em>), et aussi l\u2019un des meilleurs longs m\u00e9trages consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 la Premi\u00e8re Guerre Mondiale. Il est m\u00eame envisageable de le pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer \u00e0 un titre plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre de l\u2019histoire du cin\u00e9ma, Les Sentiers de la gloire de Stanley Kubrick, qui aborde lui aussi le sujet des mutineries et des ex\u00e9cutions de soldats lors des guerres de position. Rosi adapte avec son sc\u00e9nariste Tonino Guerra un r\u00e9cit d\u2019Emilio Lussu qui avait combattu en tant qu\u2019officier sur les collines d\u2019Asiago, dans la r\u00e9gion de V\u00e9n\u00e9tie, lors de la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l\u2019intrusion des troupes autrichiennes. Le front s\u2019\u00e9tait transform\u00e9 en guerre de tranch\u00e9es \u00e0 la suite d\u2019assauts tr\u00e8s meurtriers. C\u2019est cette exp\u00e9rience militaire que Lussu avait racont\u00e9 dans son livre \u00ab\u00a0Un anno sull\u2019altipiano\u00a0\u00bb publi\u00e9 en 1938. Rosi entend d\u00e9crire avec la plus grande v\u00e9racit\u00e9 possible les conditions de vie \u2013 \u00e9pouvantables &#8211; des soldats italiens dans les tranch\u00e9es. Le film d\u00e9nonce un scandale\u00a0: celui des horreurs inutiles des batailles engag\u00e9es par l\u2019arm\u00e9e italienne, et qui vont causer la mort de centaines de milliers de soldats, sans victoire d\u00e9cisive. Rosi souligne aussi l\u2019incomp\u00e9tence des officiers, responsables directs de ces massacres, piteux strat\u00e8ges et patriotes fanatiques. Mais Rosi n\u2019a pas seulement des ambitions de reconstitutions documentaires. Son projet est d\u2019aborder la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale de mani\u00e8re analytique, en proposant une r\u00e9flexion sur cette page de l\u2019histoire de l\u2019Italie du XX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. En effet, le film anticipe la lutte des classes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de l\u2019arm\u00e9e, d\u00e9but de l\u2019alliance entre les ouvriers et les paysans, r\u00e9unis sous le m\u00eame drapeau, et conduits par des officiers socialistes qui se r\u00e9voltent contre les ordres absurdes et criminels de leurs sup\u00e9rieurs, membres de la bourgeoisie ou de l\u2019aristocratie. Rosi a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 ne pas avoir voulu faire un film antimilitariste, mais montrer, durant la guerre, \u00ab\u00a0l\u2019oppression d\u2019une classe par une autre, d\u2019une culture par une autre.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>La mise en sc\u00e8ne de Rosi r\u00e9ussit la synth\u00e8se entre le v\u00e9risme du grand cin\u00e9ma italien d\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre \u2013 il fut l\u2019assistant de Visconti \u2013 et la sobre efficacit\u00e9 du cin\u00e9ma classique am\u00e9ricain. La photographie de Pasqualino De Santis est superbe, et donne aux sc\u00e8nes de combats et de tranch\u00e9es une dimension spectrale. L\u2019interpr\u00e9tation est magnifique, domin\u00e9e par Gian Maria Volont\u00e9 en lieutenant humaniste et Alain Cuny, inoubliable dans le r\u00f4le du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leone, fou furieux qui symbolise la monstruosit\u00e9 du commandement militaire. Le th\u00e8me de la d\u00e9cimation, au c\u0153ur du film, resurgira dans <em>Cadavres exquis<\/em> o\u00f9 une autre figure mal\u00e9fique du pouvoir, le pr\u00e9sident de la cour supr\u00eame Rich\u00e8s (Max von Sidow), d\u00e9clare dans un monologue d\u00e9lirant que \u00ab\u00a0la seule justice possible dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 comme la n\u00f4tre est la d\u00e9cimation.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong><em>Les Hommes contre<\/em><\/strong><strong>\u00a0est disponible en DVD chez ESC. Comme pour <em>Cadavres exquis<\/em>, on peut regretter l\u2019absence d\u2019une \u00e9dition blu-ray.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les Hommes contre (Uomini contro, 1970) est un tr\u00e8s grand film, l\u2019un des chefs-d\u2019\u0153uvre de Francesco Rosi (avec Salvatore Giuliano\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":116,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[9],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Les Hommes contre de Francesco Rosi - Olivier P\u00e8re<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/2019\/03\/04\/23221\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les Hommes contre de Francesco Rosi - 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