{"id":15334,"date":"2015-04-11T17:58:14","date_gmt":"2015-04-11T16:58:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/?p=15334"},"modified":"2015-04-11T17:59:00","modified_gmt":"2015-04-11T16:59:00","slug":"le-port-de-langoisse-de-howard-hawks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/2015\/04\/11\/le-port-de-langoisse-de-howard-hawks\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Port de l\u2019angoisse de Howard Hawks"},"content":{"rendered":"

ARTE diffuse dimanche 19 avril \u00e0 20h45 Le Port de l\u2019angoisse<\/em> (To Have and Have Not<\/em>, 1944) de Howard Hawks.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0En 1942, Harry Morgan, le propri\u00e9taire d’un yacht \u00e0 la Martinique, gagne sa vie en emmenant \u00e0 la p\u00eache de riches touristes. G\u00e9rard dit \u00ab\u00a0Frenchy\u00a0\u00bb, gaulliste convaincu et patron de l’h\u00f4tel o\u00f9 il loge, demande \u00e0 Harry de l’aider \u00e0 faire entrer clandestinement dans l’\u00eele un chef de la R\u00e9sistance. D’abord r\u00e9ticent, Harry accepte, accul\u00e9 par le besoin d’argent.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Le film serait n\u00e9 d\u2019un pari en forme de d\u00e9fi. Hawks pr\u00e9tend avoir dit \u00e0 son ami Hemingway qu\u2019il \u00e9tait capable de faire un bon film d\u2019apr\u00e8s son plus mauvais roman. Hemingway lui conseilla donc de choisir To Have and Have Not <\/em>(1937), publi\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais sous le titre litt\u00e9ral En avoir ou pas<\/em> chez Gallimard en 1945.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est Jules Furthman et William Faulkner qui se charg\u00e8rent de l\u2019adaptation. Plusieurs versions du sc\u00e9nario attestent de nombreuses modifications successives de l\u2019histoire, et c\u2019est Faulkner qui r\u00e9solut les probl\u00e8mes de la transposition de l\u2019action de Cuba \u2013 comme dans le roman \u2013 \u00e0 la Martinique, territoire fran\u00e7ais sous juridiction vichyste, proc\u00e9dant aussi \u00e0 des r\u00e9\u00e9critures tardives pendant le tournage. Rien n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 du roman, \u00e0 l\u2019exception du couple principal, dont Hawks et ses sc\u00e9naristes imaginent la rencontre. La volont\u00e9 des producteurs de profiter du succ\u00e8s colossal de Casablanca<\/em> est manifeste et Le Port de l\u2019angoisse<\/em> reprend certains ingr\u00e9dients du film de Curtiz, \u00e0 commencer par sa vedette Humphrey Bogart.<\/p>\n

\"Humphrey

Humphrey Bogart et Lauren Bacall dans Le Port de l’angoisse<\/p><\/div>\n

Sous sa d\u00e9sinvolture apparente Le Port de l\u2019angoisse<\/em> est un mod\u00e8le touchant \u00e0 la perfection de l\u2019art hawksien, une le\u00e7on de cin\u00e9ma et de morale, et donc de morale cin\u00e9matographique. Harry Morgan (Bogart) le h\u00e9ros am\u00e9ricain du film, d\u2019abord pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme un aventurier cynique, individualiste et mat\u00e9rialiste, finira par s\u2019engager aupr\u00e8s des R\u00e9sistants gaullistes pour y d\u00e9fendre une valeur encore plus importante que l\u2019argent, la libert\u00e9. Morgan conna\u00eet aussi les vertus de l\u2019amiti\u00e9, comme en t\u00e9moigne sa relation avec le vieil ivrogne Eddie (irr\u00e9sistible Walter Brennan) sur lequel il veille, et de l\u2019amour. Le coup de foudre entre Harry et Marie, une jeune femme encore plus cynique et effront\u00e9e que lui, se prolongera dans la vraie vie puisque Bogart et Lauren Bacall, dont c\u2019est le tout premier film, tomberont amoureux sur le plateau du Port de l\u2019angoisse<\/em>. Hawks a d\u00e9couvert Lauren Bacall et tel un Pygmalion l\u2019a fa\u00e7onn\u00e9e selon sa vision id\u00e9ale de la femme : belle, courageuse et ind\u00e9pendante, avec des \u00ab\u00a0qualit\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb viriles qui contrastent avec son \u00e9l\u00e9gance et sa sophistication. L\u2019apparence physique et la caract\u00e9risation de Bacall dans Le Port de l\u2019angoisse<\/em> sont calqu\u00e9es sur la propre \u00e9pouse de Hawks, un s\u00e9duisant mannequin surnomm\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Slim\u00a0\u00bb comme Marie dans le film.<\/p>\n

Hawks filme \u00e0 hauteur d\u2019homme, et il filme aussi au pr\u00e9sent. Seules les actions et les d\u00e9cisions \u2013 imm\u00e9diatement suivies d\u2019actions \u2013 de ses personnages l\u2019int\u00e9ressent, et elles sont vou\u00e9es \u00e0 la r\u00e9ussite. Le Port de l\u2019angoisse<\/em> \u2013 titre fran\u00e7ais \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la plaque, le danger existe chez Hawks mais l\u2019angoisse n\u2019a pas sa place \u2013 s\u2019\u00e9loigne radicalement de Hemingway, pas seulement dans ses p\u00e9rip\u00e9ties mais aussi dans sa vision de l\u2019existence. L\u2019\u00e9crivain se penche sur des hommes rong\u00e9s par le d\u00e9clin, des perdants marqu\u00e9s par la vie, Hawks c\u00e9l\u00e8bre des personnages positifs triomphant de l\u2019adversit\u00e9, avec bravoure et d\u00e9contraction, imposant leur loi et refusant toute compromission. \u00ab\u00a0Hawks est, dans son classicisme, le cin\u00e9aste du pr\u00e9sent et, par extension, le cin\u00e9aste du bonheur.\u00a0\u00bb (Jacques Lourcelles)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ARTE diffuse dimanche 19 avril \u00e0 20h45 Le Port de l\u2019angoisse (To Have and Have Not, 1944) de Howard Hawks.\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":116,"featured_media":15335,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe Port de l\u2019angoisse de Howard Hawks - Olivier P\u00e8re<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/2015\/04\/11\/le-port-de-langoisse-de-howard-hawks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le Port de l\u2019angoisse de Howard Hawks - Olivier P\u00e8re\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ARTE diffuse dimanche 19 avril \u00e0 20h45 Le Port de l\u2019angoisse (To Have and Have Not, 1944) de Howard Hawks.\u2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/2015\/04\/11\/le-port-de-langoisse-de-howard-hawks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Olivier P\u00e8re\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-04-11T16:58:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-04-11T16:59:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/files\/Le-Port-De-L-Angoisse_2429_4ea64d584f13c137cc007235_1320286428.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Olivier P\u00e8re\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Olivier P\u00e8re\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/2015\/04\/11\/le-port-de-langoisse-de-howard-hawks\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.arte.tv\/sites\/olivierpere\/2015\/04\/11\/le-port-de-langoisse-de-howard-hawks\/\",\"name\":\"Le Port de l\u2019angoisse de Howard Hawks - 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